LIKE 操作符

LIKE 操作符

LIKE 操作符用于在 WHERE 子句中搜索列中的指定模式。

语法

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name LIKE pattern;

示例

示例使用 RUNOOB 样本数据库。

该库包含有 "Websites" 表：

+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| id | name         | url                       | alexa | country |
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| 1  | Google       | https://www.google.cm/    | 1     | USA     |
| 2  | 淘宝          | https://www.taobao.com/   | 13    | CN      |
| 3  | 菜鸟教程      | http://www.runoob.com/    | 4689  | CN      |
| 4  | 微博          | http://weibo.com/         | 20    | CN      |
| 5  | Facebook     | https://www.facebook.com/ | 3     | USA     |
| 7  | stackoverflow | http://stackoverflow.com/ |   0 | IND     |
+----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+

选取 name 以字母 "G" 开始的所有客户：

SELECT * FROM Websites
WHERE name LIKE 'G%';

执行输出结果：

mysql> SELECT * FROM Websites
    -> WHERE name LIKE 'G%';

+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| id | name         | url                       | alexa | country |
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| 1  | Google       | https://www.google.cm/    | 1     | USA     |
+----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+

提示： "%" 符号用于在模式的前后定义通配符（缺省字母）。

选取 name 以字母 "k" 结尾的所有客户：

SELECT * FROM Websites
WHERE name LIKE '%k';

执行输出结果：

mysql> SELECT * FROM Websites
    -> WHERE name LIKE '%k';

+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| id | name         | url                       | alexa | country |
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| 5  | Facebook     | https://www.facebook.com/ | 3     | USA     |
+----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+

选取 name 包含模式 "oo" 的所有客户：

SELECT * FROM Websites
WHERE name LIKE '%oo%';

执行输出结果：

mysql> SELECT * FROM Websites
    -> WHERE name LIKE '%oo%';

+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| id | name         | url                       | alexa | country |
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| 1  | Google       | https://www.google.cm/    | 1     | USA     |
| 5  | Facebook     | https://www.facebook.com/ | 3     | USA     |
+----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+

使用 NOT 关键字，可以选取不匹配模式的记录。

选取 name 不包含模式 "oo" 的所有客户：

SELECT * FROM Websites
WHERE name NOT LIKE '%oo%';

输出结果：

mysql>  SELECT * FROM Websites
    -> WHERE name NOT LIKE '%oo%';

+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| id | name         | url                       | alexa | country |
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| 2  | 淘宝          | https://www.taobao.com/   | 13    | CN      |
| 3  | 菜鸟教程      | http://www.runoob.com/    | 4689  | CN      |
| 4  | 微博          | http://weibo.com/         | 20    | CN      |
| 7  | stackoverflow | http://stackoverflow.com/ |   0 | IND     |
+----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+

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